The US does sink a considerable amount into what I would call "discretionary social services".
In comparison Canada seems to only spend ~300 billion on healthcare, and ~300 billion on social security. Their economy is a 6x smaller in terms of population, 3x in terms of GDP, so proportionally, saying 4x (4x600 =2.4 trillion) they spend about the same as the US does (~2.5 trillion).
The purported difference in quality is probably mostly to do with drug cost, whereas US drug companies can and do charge premiums Canadian ones can often create or source relatively safe knock-offs, while they may not have the same (number of) sophisticated facilities that the US might have.