I don't know how sed and perl compare, but I know these things:
Use a C local (e.g. LANG=C or LC_ALL=C) for dramatic speed up of tools like grep/sort and probably also sed. If you don't do that, usually the UTF-8 parser kicks in, which is a lot slower.
Perl is actually well known to have a non-optimal regex implementation: https://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html That said, I don't know how fast it is (what optimizations it has) at simple string substitutions.